整理/余冰玥 制图/周子祺（实习生） 张玉佳

　　明分使群

　　明确个人的职分差等以组成能够相互协作的群体。荀子将“能群”看作是人区别于禽兽的重要特征。而人在没有约束的情况下，会出于自身对外物的欲求，与人争夺，进而导致群体的混乱。因此，在群体之中必须依据道义的原则，明确个人分位的差等以及与之相应的职责、权益，并以此作为人与人相处的规范，从而约束彼此间的纷争，实现相互协作。

　　Proper Ranking Leads to Collaboration

　　Group Collaboration is possible only when the individuals within it are clearly ranked and there is a social order. For Xunzi, the ability to "work together" is what distinguishes humans from animals. Without social restraints, humans will follow their innate desires and fight over things, causing disruption within the group. That is why there must be appropriate rules for people of different ranks, with clear rights and responsibilities to guide proper conduct, which will limit discord and build collaboration.

　　引例

　　离居不相待则穷，群而无分则争。穷者患也，争者祸也，救患除祸，则莫若明分使群矣。（《荀子·富国》）（离开群体独处而不相互依靠，则会穷困；居处在一起而没有分位差等，则会相互争夺。穷苦和争夺都是祸患，而要解救、免除祸患，没有什么比得上明确个人的职分差等以组成能够相互协作的群体。）

　　Living alone without group support leads to poverty; living together without appropriate ranking causes disputes. Poverty and disputes are all disastrous. The best way to solve these problems is to establish different ranks, which makes collaboration possible. (Xunzi)

　　来源：中国青年报

　　2026年07月27日 01版