整理/秦珍子 制图/张玉佳

　　因势利导

　　顺着事物本身的态势引导它向有利的方向发展。“势”即事物存在、变化、发展的基本态势或趋势，是客观的、第一性的；“利”是人确立的目标，是主观的、第二性的。人的目标的达成，不是主观强加于客观的过程，而是主客体交互作用的过程。人作为行为主体，必须不断地、具体地达成主客观一致性，建立规律性认识和大局观，审时度势，才能有所发现，有所发明，有所创造，有所前进，有所成就。这是主客体关系的辩证法。

　　Exploit Favorable Situation to Pursue the Goal

　　In this concept, shi means how things exist, change and evolve, which is objective and primary; and li is the goal set by people, which is subjective and secondary. A goal should be reached through interactions between the objective and the subjective, not by imposing subjective desire on the objective. As the initiator of action, people must continuously try to achieve alignment between the objective and the subjective. In this way they will rationalize their knowledge, develop a broad perspective and make timely adjustments, which will lead to new discoveries, innovations and advancement. This is the relationship between the objective and the subjective.

　　引例势可乘，亦可造。致虚守静，因势利导。（张居正《权谋残卷·度势》）（有利的态势可以利用，也可主动去营造。要排除杂念保持内心的澄澈宁静，才能创造和利用有利形势以达成目标。）

　　A favorable situation can be exploited, or it can be created. Be calm and coolheaded, and take full advantage of such situation. (Zhang Juzheng: An Incomplete Book on Strategies and Tactics)

　　来源：中国青年报

　　2026年07月12日 01版