整理/刘昶荣 制图/李晗

　　坚白相盈

　　事物所具有的“坚”和“白”的属性相互包含在同一个事物中。一块坚硬的白石，当眼睛看它时，只能看到石之白，看不到石之坚；当手触摸它时，只能摸到石之坚，摸不到石之白。但在一块石头中，则同时包含“坚”和“白”的属性，两种属性不因感官的局限而彼此分离。后期墨家借由“坚白石”的例子，表达对于事物属性的认识。事物的各种属性虽然出于不同的感官，但可以同时关联在同一个事物中。

　　Solidity and Whiteness Fulfill Each Other

　　Different attributes of the same object, such as solidity and whiteness, fulfill one another. When you look at a solid white stone, you can only see its color, without knowing it is solid; when you touch the stone, you can only feel its solidity, without knowing it is white. Though solidness and whiteness cannot be perceived by a single sensory organ, the two attributes cannot be separated from each other, because they are possessed by the same stone. Later Mohist scholars used the example of the solid white stone to explain that attributes of any single object, though perceivable through different organs, are intimately associated with each other.

　　引例：无坚得白，必相盈也。（《墨子·经说下》）（无法看到石头的坚硬而看到其白色，但石头的坚硬和白色必然相互包含在同一事物中。）

　　Though it is only possible to see a white stone without knowing it is solid, the two attributes of whiteness and solidness must fulfill each other. (Mozi)

　　来源：中国青年报

　　2026年04月09日 02版